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North Korean defectors
Since the division of Korea after World War II and the end of the Korean War (1950–1953), some North Koreans have managed to defect for political, ideological, religious and economic reasons.
Since the North Korean famine of the 1990s, more North Koreans have defected. The usual strategy is to cross the border into Jilin and Liaoning provinces in northeast China before fleeing to a third country, due to China being a close ally of North Korea. China, being the biggest of few economic partners of North Korea while the country has been under U.N. sanctions for decades,〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported )〕 is also the largest and continuous aid source of the country. To avoid worsening the already tense relations of the Korea Peninsula, China refuses to grant North Korean defectors refugee status and considers them illegal economic migrants. About 76% to 84% of defectors interviewed in China or South Korea came from the Northeastern provinces bordering China.〔Schwekendiek, Daniel. 2010. "A Meta-Analysis of North Koreans Migrating to China and South Korea", in: ''Korea: Politics, Economy, Society'', R. Frank, J. Hoare, P. Koellner, S. Pares (eds.), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pp. 247–270.〕 If the defectors are caught in China, they are repatriated back to North Korea to face harsh interrogations and years of punishment, or even death in political prison camps such as Yodok camp or reeducation camps such as Chungsan camp or Chongori camp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea )〕
A prominent defection occurred shortly after the signing of the armistice at the end of the Korean War, on September 21, 1953, when 21-year-old No Kum-Sok, a senior lieutenant in the North Korean air force, flew his MiG-15 to the South. His act, affiliated with Operation Moolah, was considered an intelligence bonanza because his fighter plane was the best in the Communist bloc. No was awarded a sum of $100,000 or ₩13,170,200 and the right to reside in the United States. An offer to return the MiG was ignored. The aircraft is now on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, Ohio.〔(National Museum of the USAF - MIKOYAN-GUREVICH MIG-15BIS )〕
==Terms==
Different terms, official and unofficial, refer to North Korean refugees. On 9 January 2005, the South Korean Ministry of Unification announced the use of ''saeteomin'' (, lit. "people of new land") instead of ''talbukja'' ("people who fled the North"), a term about which North Korean officials expressed displeasure.〔(North Korean officials express displeasure )〕 A newer term is ''bukhanitaljumin'' (hangul: 북한이탈주민 hanja: 北韓離脫住民), which has the more forceful meaning of "residents who renounced North Korea".〔(Naver News (in Korean) )〕
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